الـحـمـد لله والـصلاة والسلام عـلـى رسـول الله وعـلـى آلـه وصـحـبه أجـمـعـيـن
Learning Objectives
This course builds a comprehensive foundation in Arabic by mastering the core sciences of Naḥw (Syntax) and Ṣarf (Morphology) to ensure accuracy in reading, writing, and conversation. Moving beyond structural mechanics, students will explore Balāgha (Rhetoric) to analyze imagery and eloquence, ultimately integrating these linguistic tools to unlock the deeper layers of meaning found in Adab (Literature) and Tafsir (Qur’anic Exegesis).
Reading and writing
Students will develop foundational proficiency in the sciences of Naḥw and Ṣarf, enabling them to accurately read Arabic texts and construct grammatically sound sentences. Further exploration of these disciplines will follow.
Speaking
Students will acquire the ability to engage in basic conversational Arabic, supported and reinforced through dedicated ḥiwār (dialogue) sessions.
Syntax (النحو)
- Develop the ability to identify grammatical roles (iʿrāb) of words within sentences with precision.
- Apply major syntactic rules to construct correct nominal and verbal sentences.
- Analyze complex sentence structures, including conditional phrases, relative clauses, and particles affecting case endings.
- Demonstrate proficiency in parsing (taʿrīb) and explaining grammatical reasoning in both classical and modern texts.
Morphology (الصرف)
- Master recognition of root letters and common verb patterns across triliteral and quadriliteral forms.
- Conjugate verbs accurately in all major tenses, voices, and forms, including irregular verbs.
- Derive nouns, adjectives, and verbal nouns from given roots using standard morphological principles.
- Understand and apply morphological patterns to determine meaning, form, and usage within sentences.
Rhetoric (البلاغة)
- Identify and analyze key rhetorical devices in Arabic, including imagery (bayān), eloquence (maʿānī), and embellishment (badīʿ).
- Distinguish between literal and figurative expressions, and interpret deeper layers of meaning in classical texts.
- Evaluate the effectiveness of rhetorical choices in conveying emphasis, clarity, and nuance.
Application in Adab and Tafsir
- Read and interpret selected prose and poetry, identifying themes, style, and linguistic features.
- Analyze literary works using grammatical, morphological, and rhetorical tools to uncover subtleties of meaning.
- Apply grammatical analysis (iʿrāb) to Qur’anic verses to understand variations in meaning and exegetical implications.
- Use morphology to interpret verb forms, noun patterns, and derived structures that influence tafsīr.
- Recognize rhetorical devices within Qur’anic discourse and understand their role in conveying emphasis, guidance, and persuasion.
- Integrate syntax, morphology, and rhetoric to arrive at a holistic linguistic understanding of Qur’anic verses.
Start your Journey to Embrace Arabic.
For Devoted Taking first steps towards Arabic.
Module Overviews
At Talweeh Arabic, we have curated the most effective texts into a comprehensive two-year curriculum designed to guide you from beginner to advanced proficiency.
Module 1 serves as the student’s formal entry into the structured study of the Arabic language. Over the course of three months, students are introduced to the essential building blocks of Arabic: the nature of language, the structure of words and sentences, and the foundational sciences of Morphology (Ṣarf), Syntax (Naḥw), and Rhetoric (Balāghah). Through a carefully sequenced progression of lessons and weekly tadreebāt (applied practice), students acquire the core concepts, terminology, and analytical tools needed to navigate Arabic texts.
The module emphasizes active application from the very beginning—students not only learn definitions but immediately practice identifying word types, forming basic phrases, analyzing grammatical roles, and performing sentence breakdowns (tarkīb). Special attention is given to Qur’anic examples to highlight the beauty, precision, and rhetorical depth of the Arabic language. By the end of the module, students will have developed the foundational competencies required to progress into more detailed studies of verbal patterns, sentence structures, and introductory iʿrāb analysis.
Foundational Concepts
- Explain the purpose and importance of studying Arabic, particularly in relation to Islamic sciences and the Qur’an.
- Describe what a “language” is and understand how Arabic, as a Semitic language, structures meaning.
Morphology (Ṣarf) Foundations
- Identify and classify verbs (fiʿl māḍī, fiʿl muḍāriʿ, fiʿl amr) and understand their basic functions.
- Conjugate regular past-tense verbs using the full fiʿl māḍī table and apply this in exercises.
- Use basic morphological patterns to infer meaning and construct simple word forms.
Syntax (Naḥw) Foundations
- Distinguish between the three categories of words: ism, fiʿl, harf.
- Classify nouns according to definiteness, number, and gender (maʿrifah/nākirah, singular/dual/plural, masculine/feminine).
- Identify types of particles, including ḥarf al-jarr, and construct basic phrases involving majrūr nouns.
- Form and analyze key phrase structures: Ḥarf + majrūr, Muḍāf–muḍāf ilayh, Mawṣūf–ṣifah
- Understand the roles of musnad and musnad ilayhi and apply these concepts to basic sentence formation.
- Differentiate between jumlah ismiyyah and jumlah fiʿliyyah, and apply their fundamental grammatical rules.
- Begin recognizing the ʾiʿrāb states and signs, understanding the concept of syntactic “roles” and how these produce grammatical endings.
Rhetoric (Balāghah) Introduction
- Describe the purpose of Balāghah and its connection to the eloquence and beauty of the Qur’an.
- Recognize basic rhetorical features when highlighted in examples, building early appreciation for Qur’anic expression.
Text Analysis & Application (Tadreebāt)
- Perform beginner-level tarkīb by identifying word types, phrases, and simple sentence structures within short texts.
- Apply iʿrāb principles in guided examples, recognizing cases such as rafʿ, naṣb, and jarr in context.
- Translate and construct simple Arabic phrases using vocabulary introduced weekly (approximately 10 words per week).
- Practice identifying common Nahw and Ṣarf mistakes to develop sensitivity to correct grammatical form.
- Read short curated texts and apply newly learned concepts: fiʿl tables, phrase identification, plurals, nūn of emphasis, and verbal commands/prohibitions.
Module 2 represents a significant advancement in the student’s journey. Over six months, previously learned theory is brought to life through Qaṣaṣ al-Nabiyyīn, which serves as the practical backbone of the module. Through sustained engagement with these narratives, students expand Qurʾānic vocabulary and master systematic tarkīb, progressing thereafter to structured iʿrāb for precise sentence breakdown. Building on Module 1, further concepts in Naḥw and Ṣarf are introduced through Abū Ḥayyān’s Al-Shadharāt al-Dhahabiyyah and the morphology manual Binā al-Afʿāl. Each grammatical or morphological concept is immediately applied within the Qaṣaṣ, ensuring integration between theory and text. By completion, students demonstrate improved fluency, structural recognition, and the ability to analyze connected passages with clarity and growing independence.
Textual Mastery & Applied Tarkīb
Students will be able to:
- Read, translate, and explain selected stories from Qaṣaṣ al-Nabiyyīn with accuracy.
- Perform complete sentence breakdowns (tarkīb), identifying word types, phrase structures, mubtadaʾ–khabar relationships, verb–subject constructions, and dependent clauses.
- Apply iʿrāb recognition to real texts, identifying grammatical roles, case endings, and syntactic operators. At first, the tarkīb method will be applied, followed by the I’rāb method.
- Build a structured vocabulary list and apply new words in translation, conversation, and writing tasks.
Syntax (Naḥw 102 + al-Ājurrūmiyyah Integration)
Students will be able to:
Master the foundational chapters of al-Ājurrūmiyyah, including:
- Types of speech
- Signs of nouns, verbs, and particles
- Ḥurūf jarr, particles of emphasis, conjunctions, and exception tools
- Muʿrab and mabnī categories
- Marfūʿāt, manṣūbāt, and makhfūḍāt
Rules of mafʿūl categories (bihi, maʿahu, ajlihi, mutlaq, etc.) - Followers: naʿt, ʿaṭf, tawkeed, badal
- Smaller and larger sentence structures
- Sentences that have a syntactic position (maḥall) and those that do not
Analyze and identify grammatical functions in real narrative passages.
Apply the rules of jumla ismiyyah and jumla fiʿliyyah across numerous examples.
Use particles such as إِنَّ، أَنْ، لَمَّا، لَا، لَامُ التَّعْلِيل accurately in context.
Recognize and handle advanced concepts such as:
- Mustathnā minh
- Mafʿūl fīhi (ḥāl, tamyīz, mafʿūl feehi)
- Mubtadaʾ–khabar transformations through agents such as كَانَ and its sisters
- Iʿrāb of embedded clauses within narrative texts
Morphology (Ṣarf 101: Bina al-Af'aal)
Students will be able to:
Conjugate the thulāthī mujarrad verb system across all major abwāb, in māḍī, muḍāriʿ, and amr forms.
Understand the major derivatives (mushtaqqāt) including:
- Ism al-fāʿil
- Ism al-mafʿūl
- Zarf
- Ism al-ālah
- Masdar patterns (from basic and extended forms)
- Taṣghīr and mubālaghah
- Ism al-tafdīl and taʿajjub forms
Recognize and conjugate thulāthī mazīd fīhī verb families
Apply rules of iʿtilāl in:
- Miṯāl
- Ajwaf
- Nāqiṣ
- All related forms in both māḍī and muḍāriʿ
Practice conjugating weak verbs systematically across multiple baabs.
Understand verb-building principles deeply through the major chapters of Binaʾ al-Afʿāl.
Integrated Proficiency in Reading, Writing, and Speaking
Students will be able to:
- Develop conversational Arabic through weekly hiwār, focusing on everyday vocabulary and common structures.
- Strengthen written ability through supplementary writing exercises that reinforce grammar and vocabulary usage.
- Apply grammar and morphology in both structured and unstructured responses.
- Engage actively in weekly live sessions to review concepts, ask questions, and refine analytical skills.
Module 3 represents the transition from foundational Arabic to the intermediate stage, where students learn to read, analyze, and appreciate classical texts with greater independence. Over three months, students engage in a rigorous yet structured study that brings together applied grammar, morphological refinement, classical ethics literature, and poetic appreciation.
The heart of the module is the text Min Ādāb al-Islām, an accessible yet rich work centered on Islamic manners and ethics. Each lesson includes close reading, sentence parsing (tarkīb), iʿrāb identification, vocabulary building, and discussion of moral themes, giving students the opportunity to apply newly acquired grammar and morphology in meaningful contexts. Beyond reading practice, the book is carefully selected for this level in order to remind students of the basic etiquettes taught to us in Islam. These etiquettes may seem minute at first, but one who is deprived of good mannerism will eventually be deprived of goodness in its entirety.
Parallel to this, the grammar curriculum advances significantly with Al Tuḥfat al-Saniyyah, a detailed commentary on al-Ājurrūmiyyah. This text deepens the student’s understanding of grammatical theory, expands their command of marfūʿāt, manṣūbāt, and majrūrāt, and trains them in precise case analysis, advanced operators, and syntactic reasoning.
A key literary component is introduced through Tā’iyyat al-Ilbīrī, a celebrated Andalusian poem rich in wisdom and rhetoric. This module teaches students how to engage with poetry: its structure, imagery, rhythm, and moral instruction. Along with this, the poem discusses the virtues and importance of seeking knowledge, encouraging students to remain on this path, and reminding them of the responsibilities of knowledge.
Finally, the ṣarf component—Taṣrīf al-ʿIzzī—reinforces and expands the student’s command of verb patterns, derivatives, and morphological rules, providing them with the tools to recognize and predict forms they encounter in texts.
By the end of Module 3, students will have developed the competence to read intermediate texts with analytical confidence, strengthened grammar and morphology, and built the foundation for advanced studies in balāghah, tafsīr, and classical literature.
Textual Reading & Iʿrāb Analysis (Min Ādāb al-Islām)
Students will be able to:
- Read and translate passages from Min Ādāb al-Islām with accuracy and fluency.
- Perform full sentence analyses, including:
~Identifying word types and functions
~Marking case endings
~Recognizing the overall state of a sentence, or the lack of it
- Recognize thematic structure, moral lessons, and stylistic features of classical ethical literature.
- Build a strong intermediate vocabulary bank from recurring phrases and expressions.
- Reflect embedded clauses and complex grammatical constructions in their translations.
Intermediate Syntax (Naḥw 103 — Al Tuḥfat al-Saniyyah)
Students will be able to:
Deepen mastery of al-Ājurrūmiyyah through the expanded explanations of Al Tuḥfat al-Saniyyah, including:
- Detailed study of noun types, signs, and classifications
- Operators of the marfūʿāt (faʿil, mubtadaʾ, khabar, nāʾib al-faʿil, etc.)
- Operators of the manṣūbāt (mafʿūl categories, ḥāl, tamyīz, istithnā, etc.)
- Rules of the majrūrāt (ḥurūf jarr and their usage)
- Types of phrases and their iʿrāb
- The rules governing verbs and subjects, predicates, transitive/intransitive verbs
- The various “followers” (tawkeed, naʿt, badal, ʿaṭf) with examples from texts
Identify and explain grammatical disagreements, hidden elements, and elliptical constructions (maḥdhūf).
Apply the concepts directly to reading texts, improving speed and confidence in parsing.
Recognize subtle syntactic shifts, rhetorical emphasis, and structural variation in classical writing.
Applied Literature (Adab 101 — Ta’iyyat al-Ilbīrī)
Students will be able to:
- Read, translate, and interpret selected verses from Ta’iyyat al-Ilbīrī.
- Perform basic iʿrāb of poetic lines, noting where syntax differs from prose.
- Develop sensitivity to how poets use structure and language to convey layered meanings.
Morphology (Ṣarf 103 — Taṣrīf al-ʿIzzī)
Students will be able to:
Conjugate sound and weak verbs with confidence across:
- Past, present, command
- Thulāthī and mazīd patterns
- Major morphological derivatives
Recognize and explain changes due to:
- Weak letters
- Stress assimilation
- Hamzah rules
- Additional letters in verb forms
Identify patterns quickly when reading real texts, improving comprehension and retention.
Use morphology to support iʿrāb and reading other books and poetry.
Module 4 marks the student’s entry into advanced foundational grammar and applied literary analysis. Across five months, learners move beyond the introductory syntactic framework of al-Ājurrūmiyyah and its commentary into expanded, nuanced, and technical discussions of Arabic grammar, syntax, and rhetorical style. This module is the bridge between intermediate proficiency and the threshold of high-level classical studies.
The backbone of the module is Mutammimah al-Ājurrūmiyyah, a text that significantly expands the student’s grasp of iʿrāb theory, complex sentence structures, rare grammatical cases, and the subtleties of parsing advanced nominal and verbal constructions. With sixty lessons, students gain deep exposure to syntactic exceptions, variant schools of grammar, and the tools that prepare them for reading larger classical works without heavy commentary.
Supporting this is the text al-Iʿrāb ʿan Qawāʿid al-Iʿrāb, which sharpens the learner’s analytical ability through focused training in parsing rules. This manual teaches students how to think like grammarians: identifying hidden elements, distinguishing syntactic possibilities, and selecting the strongest grammatical interpretation based on context and principles.
A major literary component is introduced through Sawāṭiʿ al-Jumān, enhanced with instruction on asmāʾ (nouns, classifications, and usages). This text exposes students to ornate classical prose, illustrating how grammar interacts with rhetoric, beauty, and layered meaning. Students learn to read stylistically rich passages and evaluate how grammatical structures affect tone, emphasis, and flow.
Finally, Adab 102 features the celebrated poem Lāmiyyat Abī Ṭālib, a deeply emotional and linguistically powerful praise poem. Through close reading, learners uncover tribal imagery, moral lessons, and rhetorical strategies while practicing line-by-line iʿrāb and thematic interpretation.
By the end of Module 4, students will have achieved the capacity to parse advanced sentences confidently, detect subtle syntactic and semantic nuances, appreciate higher-level classical style, and prepare for entry into balāghah, advanced rhetoric, tafsīr methodology, and full classical text reading.
Advanced Syntax & Case Theory (Mutammimah al-Ājurrūmiyyah)
Students will be able to:
Master the extended topics of Mutammimah al-Ājurrūmiyyah, including:
- The full system of marfūʿāt, manṣūbāt, majrūrāt, and majzūmāt
- Expanded rules of mubtadaʾ/khabar with anomalous and irregular structures
- Operators acting on verbs and nouns, including uncommon particles
- Distinctions between grammatical schools (Baṣran, Kūfan) in select issues
- Rare iʿrāb patterns, dialectical variants, and classical exceptions
- Advanced discussions of naʿt, badal, tawkeed, and ʿaṭf
- Complex compound structures (iḍāfāt, subordinate sentences, conditionality)
Perform full, accurate iʿrāb on multi-layered classical sentences.
Detect hidden elements (maḥdhūf), ellipsis, and implied operators with confidence.
Evaluate competing grammatical analyses and articulate the stronger opinion based on rule hierarchy.
Sawāṭiʿ al-Jumān
Students will be able to:
Conjugate sound and weak verbs with confidence across:
- Past, present, command
- Thulāthī and mazīd patterns
- Major morphological derivatives
Recognize and explain changes due to:
- Weak letters
- Stress assimilation
- Hamzah rules
- Additional letters in verb forms
Identify patterns quickly when reading real texts, improving comprehension and retention.
Use morphology to support iʿrāb and tarkīb analysis
Applied Literature (Adab 102 — Lāmiyyat Abī Ṭālib)
Students will be able to:
- Read, translate, and interpret all eleven lessons of Lāmiyyat Abī Ṭālib, with attention to its emotional and historical background.
- Perform accurate iʿrāb of poetic lines, noting:
- Recognize and analyze:
~ Themes of loyalty, courage, family honor, and Qurashī ethics
~ Rhetorical devices, imagery, and emotional tone
Module 5 bridges grammatical theory and Qur’anic application by mastering advanced parsing (Iʿrāb) methodology and the linguistic Tafsir of Juz ‘Amma. Students will also explore the rhetorical beauty of Balaghah and receive a strategic roadmap for navigating the major Islamic sciences.
Applied Iʿrāb & Parsing Methodology
(al-Iʿrāb ʿan Qawāʿid al-Iʿrāb)
Students will be able to:
Understand and apply the methodological principles of accurate parsing, including:
- Determining possible grammatical roles for a word before assigning one
- Identifying contextual indicators that resolve syntactic ambiguity.
- Recognize the effect of iʿrāb on tafsir and translations of the Qur’an
- Apply their understanding of each iʿrāb to their translations
Strengthen practical analysis through studying iʿrāb as a science in and of itself
Analyze compound sentences, embedded clauses, and grammatical “knots.”
Cover the most famous agents in the language and their different usages along with examples from the Qur’an and Sunnah.
Linguistic Tafsir
(Juz ‘Amma)
At this level, students are finally ready to access translations and different linguistic explanations of the Qur’an. Students are already expected to be able to pick up words, sentences, and even passages when reciting the Qur’an or standing in Salah. Now, they will be taught how to directly access linguistic Tafasir, referring back to Ibn ‘Ashur, Abu Hayyan, Abu Su’ud, and others. Students will also be given the thematic overview and connections between chapters in Juz ‘Amma, as well as cover the linear autonomy of each Surah.
Students will be able to:
- Understand and apply the methodological principles of accurate parsing to verses and translate accurately.
- Strengthen practical analysis through applying it to the Qur’an itself.
- Recognize linguistic nuances, differences in Tafsir and translations, and become accustomed to referring back to Ibn ‘Ashur and other tafsirs.
- Be introduced to Balaghah through practical application, which will later be taught as a stand alone-course, gathering the gems scattered across these chapters.
Balghah 101
This is the science that explains when and how each Arabic structure is to be used. It is due to the Qur’an’s absolute excellence in this field that the polytheists of Makkah were rendered speechless, many of them compelled to accept Islam, knowing very well that this speech can only descend from the heavens. The general discussions in this science will be scattered around in the Linguistic Tafsir classes, and then will be gathered together in an organized method to introduce students to this noble science.
Intro to the Islamic Sciences
Students will receive 10 lessons introducing the main Islamic sciences, including Balaghah, Qira’aat, Tafsir, Usul al-Fiqh, Fiqh, , Aqeedah, Mustalah, and Hadith amongst others. An overview of each science will be presented, along with the books a student should cover in order to master each science.
Upon covering these lessons, students will have a clear picture of how to access and thereafter study any science. This will help them smoothly transition into other sciences and courses offered in Islamic Institutions.
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